THE LIABILITY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE IN THE GLOBAL CLIMATE CRISIS

Abstract

The article carries out a comprehensive study of the problem of environmental liability in the context of the global climate crisis, which currently determines the strategic guidelines for the development of international environmental law. The essence and content of environmental liability as a systemic tool for legal response to damage caused to the natural environment, in particular as a result of military actions, is determined. The main trends in the evolution of legal approaches to ensuring environmental safety and compensation for environmental damage in national and international law are revealed. Special attention is paid to the issue of post-war reconstruction of Ukraine, which is considered through the prism of the principles of sustainable development and “green reconstruction”. The need to integrate environmental aspects into the strategy for the reconstruction of territories affected by hostilities, using international mechanisms for control, damage assessment, and financial compensation, is substantiated. The norms of international air law, in particular the Chicago Convention of 1944 and modern initiatives of ICAO, regulating transboundary emissions, aviation air pollution, and the participation of states in global climate agreements, are analyzed. It is emphasized that effective environmental responsibility in modern conditions should encompass not only classical legal forms (civil, administrative, criminal), but also international legal and quasi-judicial responsibility of states and corporations. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the formation of an integrated system of environmental responsibility is a necessary condition for achieving environmental justice, ensuring global climate stability, and restoring the natural balance in the post-war period.