FLUXOS MIGRATÓRIOS E SEGURANÇA INTERNA DA UNIÃO EUROPEIA

Abstract

The study adopts a structured methodological framework, based on a mixed-methods approach that integrates qualitative and quantitative analysis. The research is predominantly based on the hypothetical-deductive method, complemented by deductive and inductive reasoning. With a mostly descriptive typology, and exploratory, correlational, and explanatory dimensions, the study mainly uses documentary analysis of legislation, institutional reports, strategic documents, and scientific literature to support the analysis and interpretation of the data. To conduct this article, the following objectives were established: to analyze the legal framework and measures adopted by the European Union in response to the recent evolution of migration flows; to examine the current migratory situation, discussing the existence of a migration crisis, a refugee crisis, or both; and to identify the main impacts of these flows on European internal security. These objectives were further divided into three levels of analysis: the study of policies and regulations created by the EU and proposed by Member States; the identification of the potential strengths and vulnerabilities that non-European citizens currently residing in Europe represent for European countries; and the effects that rulings and treaties signed between Europe and non-EU states may have in addressing this issue. The results demonstrate that migration flows simultaneously represent challenges and opportunities for the European Union, with significant impacts on security, social, economic, and political dimensions. It is further concluded that, despite associated vulnerabilities, migration constitutes a structural element for European demographic and socioeconomic sustainability, requiring cohesive, integrated, and long-term policy responses.