GOVERNAÇÃO MIGRATÓRIA DA UNIÃO EUROPEIA: POLÍTICAS, AGÊNCIAS E IMPLEMENTAÇÃO

Abstract

In recent years, the European Union (EU) has faced mounting challenges in the migration domain, intensified by the increase in regular and irregular migratory flows, prompting continuous adjustments in EU migration governance, from policy reforms to institutional change. This paper examines the evolution of the EU migration policies between 2015 and 2024, focusing on legal and institutional frameworks, measures related to external border management, and the evolving roles of agencies involved in migration management, while also discussing challenges of cooperation and policy implementation among Member States. This research adopted a qualitative approach combining document analysis and a literature review of international treaties, EU institutional reports, and scientific literature on migration. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted to explore the different perspectives on the EU migration policies and their evolution, and to understand the challenges in cooperation between Member States. Findings identify core challenges and opportunities in EU migration management, highlighting both the impacts of policies implemented over the last decade and the complexity of balancing national preferences in migration matters. In addition, the conclusion offers a reflection on the effectiveness of the migration policies and suggest possible solutions, aimed at reconciling humanitarian, security and development objectives in migration governance.